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摘要:
碳在地球表层和内部圈层之间的循环控制了地球的环境气候变化。海底热液蚀变以及变质作用会使得碳酸盐沉淀到玄武质洋壳中，之后它们在俯冲带经历高压榴辉岩相变质作用会形成碳酸盐化的榴辉岩。俯冲过程可以将这些碳酸盐化的玄武质洋壳榴辉岩带入深部地幔，从而导致地幔在地球化学和岩石学上存在显著的不均一性，并深刻影响着包括部分熔融在内的地幔深部动力学过程。早期对碳酸盐化榴辉岩的实验研究多集中在俯冲带地温梯度下碳酸盐化洋壳榴辉岩的命运，近年来的实验开始研究地幔温压条件下碳酸盐化榴辉岩部分熔融对板内碱性玄武质岩浆源区的潜在影响。本文简要梳理了碳酸盐化榴辉岩在上地幔温压条件下的部分熔融实验，并结合一些天然样品的研究实例，说明碳酸盐化榴辉岩熔体不仅可以作为潜在的地幔交代介质，还可能是板内碱性玄武岩源区的重要组分，它们与橄榄岩发生反应或者与橄榄岩熔体发生混合可以解释板内碱性玄武岩的成分变化。
Abstract:Carbon cycle between the Earth's surface and interior controls Earth's climate change. Hydrothermal alteration and metamorphism in the ocean floor will sequester carbonate into the basaltic oceanic crust, and the carbonate-bearing altered oceanic crust will be metamorphosed and transformed into carbonated eclogite in the subduction zone. Carbonated eclogite may be subducted into the deeper mantle, resulting in geochemical and petrological heterogeneity of the mantle, and profoundly affecting deep mantle dynamics including partial melting. Early experimental studies on carbonated eclogites mostly focused on the fate of carbonated oceanic eclogites under the subduction zone geotherm. In recent years, partial melting experiments of carbonated eclogite under the upper mantle conditions reveals the potential contribution of carbonated eclogite component to the mantle source of intraplate alkaline basalts. In this paper, we briefly review the partial melting experiments of carbonated eclogites under the conditions of upper mantle temperature and pressure, and together with some case studies on natural samples, we show that partial melts of carbonated eclogite can not only potential mantle metasomatic agents, but also may be important components in the source of intraplate alkaline basalt, and their interaction with mantle peridotite or mixing with peridotite melt can explain the compositional variation of intraplate alkaline basalts.
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Key words:
- Carbonate /
- Eclogite /
- Basalt /
- Geochemistry /
- Mantle heterogeneity
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图 1
中国东部新生代低硅碱性玄武岩原始岩浆成分与模拟的碳酸盐化MORB榴辉岩熔体-橄榄岩反应后熔体成分(Mallik and Dasgupta, 2014)的对比(据Xu et al., 2020b修改)
Figure 1.
Primary magma compositions of alkali basalts from eastern China compared with modeled isopleths (Mallik and Dasgupta, 2014) of melt compositions from MORB-eclogite melt-peridotite reaction (modified after Xu et al., 2020b)
图 2
简单的相图模型(据Xu et al., 2020b修改)
Figure 2.
P-T plot showing the solidus of volatile-free peridotite, carbonated peridotite, volatile-free eclogite (G2, GA2, NAM-7 and Res2), carbonated eclogite (SLEC1, GA1 and a model composition) and silica-deficient pyroxenite MIX1G (modified after Xu et al., 2020b)
图 3
汉诺坝新生代碱性玄武岩和拉斑玄武岩的主量元素成分以及与不同实验熔体成分的对比(据Zou et al., 2022修改)
Figure 3.
Major element composition of Hannuoba Cenozoic alkaline basalts and tholeiitic basalts, also shown for comparison are experimental silicate melts and carbonated silicate melts (modified after Zou et al., 2022)
图 4
汉诺坝玄武岩元素比值相关图解(据Zou et al., 2022修改)
Figure 4.
Element ratio diagrams for Hannuoba basalts (modified after Zou et al., 2022)
图 5
浙江新生代高Mg玄武岩的Zn-Sr-Nd同位素组成(据Xu et al., 2022修改)
Figure 5.
Zn-Sr-Nd isotopic composition for the Zhejiang high-Mg basalts (modified after Xu et al., 2022)
图 6
CaTs-An-Q-En-Fo投影图展示了浙江新生代玄武岩成分、实验熔体成分以及模拟的不同比例和不同CO2含量的碳酸盐化榴辉岩熔体-橄榄岩反应后熔体成分(据Xu et al., 2022修改)
Figure 6.
The studied Zhejiang basalts compared to experimentally derived partial melt compositions on the Ca-Tschermak-Anorthite-Quartz-Enstatite-Forsterite (CaTs-An-Q-En-Fo) plane from Diopside (Di) (modified after Xu et al., 2022)
表 1
碳酸盐化榴辉岩高温高压实验中初始物质成分(wt%)
Table 1.
Composition of experimental starting materials for partial melting of carbonated eclogite (wt%)
初始物质 ATCM1 SLEC1 G2C GA1cc Volga-cc ABC BAC SiO2 50.35 41.21 44.38 45.32 42.22 44.22 56.46 TiO2 1.33 2.16 1.75 1.34 1.43 2.87 5.66 Al2O3 13.66 10.89 13.98 14.88 15.91 13.45 15.61 Cr2O3 0.05 0.01 FeO* 11.35 12.83 10.11 8.85 9.46 15.28 8.17 MnO 0.21 0.12 0.25 0.15 0.14 0.33 0.09 MgO 7.15 12.87 8.54 7.15 7.64 6.87 2.51 CaO 10.8 13.09 12.69 14.24 14.85 12.38 7.5 Na2O 2.48 1.63 3.29 3.14 3.36 4.21 3.76 K2O 0.06 0.11 0.03 0.4 0.42 0.33 0.21 P2O5 0.1 0.14 0.15 CO2 2.52 5 5 4.4 4.4 11.7 2.6 Mg# 0.53 0.64 0.6 0.59 0.59 44.5 35.42 Sum 100 99.91 100.02 100.01 99.98 100 100 注：*所有Fe都表示为FeO. Mg#=Mg/(Mg+Fe). 初始物质ATCM1、SLEC1、G2C、GA1cc、Volga-c分别代表不同成分和CO2含量的碳酸盐化榴辉岩. ABC和BAC分别代表碱性玄武质初始熔体和玄武安山质初始熔体 
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