Late Quaternary volcanic activity and neotectonics in the eastern Inner Mongolia
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摘要:
本文所指的晚第四纪包括晚更新世和全新世。内蒙东部晚第四纪火山活动强烈，北起大兴安岭北部的鄂伦春诺敏河火山群、经阿尔山-柴河、锡林浩特-阿巴嘎火山群，南抵察右后旗乌兰哈达火山群，断续延伸约1000km，分布着约390余座大小不一、形态各异的火山，构成了内蒙东部壮观的北北东向第四纪火山喷发带。火山类型包括玛珥式、夏威夷式、斯通博利式、亚布里尼式和冰岛式，以斯通博利式最为发育。爆破式火山作用包括射汽、射汽-岩浆爆发和岩浆爆发。火山岩类型主要为碱性玄武岩及其火山碎屑物(岩)，火山岩具初期裂谷构造属性。火山活动主体受北北东向基底断裂控制，但就具体火山群而言，又多处于北东和北西向基底深断裂交会处。区内新构造与火山活动密切相关，深部岩浆的上侵，可能是控制本区新构造活动的主因。尤其是全新世火山的空间展布，显示了内蒙东部新构造的活动性。
Abstract:In the Late Quaternary, including Late Pleistocene Epoch and the Holocene Epoch, volcanism is intensive in the eastern Inner Mongolia. More than 390 volcanoes with various size and shape are distributed along a 1000km long belt, from Nuominhe volcanic cluster in Elunchun in the north of Daxinanling Mountains, through Arshan-Chaihe volcanic cluster, and Xilinhot-Abaga volcanic cluster, to Wulanhada volcanic cluster in Right-back-banner, Chahaer. These volcano clusters form the spectacular Quaternary volcano eruption belt in the NNE direction in the East Inner Mongolia. The volcanoes types include maars, Hawaiian, Strombolian, Subplian and Icelandic, of which Strombolian has the highest magnitude. Volcanic explosions involve phreatic explosion, phreatomagmatic explosion and magmatic explosion. The volcanic rock mostly consist of alkali basaltic and pyroclastic (rocks), with the tectonic rifting features in the initial stage. On the whole, volcanic activities are controlled by the NNE basement faults. However, in the specific case, volcanoes are mostly located at the intersection areas of the NE and NW basement deep fault. Neotectonics in the region are closely related to volcanic activity. Intrusion of deep magma is likely to the main cause of controlling the neotectonic activity in the region. In particular, the spatial distribution of the Holocene volcanism shows the activity of the neotectonics in the eastern Inner Mongolia.
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Key words:
- Late Quaternary /
- Volcanic activity /
- Type of volcano /
- Neotectonics /
- Eastern Inner Mongolia
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图 1
内蒙东部第四纪火山群分布示意图
Figure 1.
Sketch map of Quaternary volcanic cluster in the eastern Inner Mongolia
图 6
乌兰哈达中阿里乌苏裂隙式火山结构图
Figure 6.
The structure of the middle Aliwusu volcano in Wulanhada
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