矿床保存变化研究的热年代学技术方法
Thermochronological method of revealing conservation and changes of mineral deposits
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摘要: 成矿后矿床的保存与变化是矿床地质研究的重要组成部分，但研究程度不高，至今仍属于薄弱环节。矿床的保存与其隆升剥露密切相关，深入细致研究恢复矿区矿床的隆升和剥露历史，是揭示矿床保存变化的一种重要途径。本文重点论述研究矿床保存变化的技术方法，通过综合应用裂变径迹、（U-Th）/He、40Ar-39Ar年代学以及La-ICP-MS、锆石U-Pb定年等多种技术手段，研究成矿期次、构造活动期次以及二者间的联系，定量计算不同矿区、不同矿体、不同部位、不同时间的冷却隆升速率、隆升幅度、剥蚀速率和剥蚀量，探讨矿床保存深度与剥蚀量间的关系，总结不同时代、不同矿区矿床保存-变化过程，建立新的矿床地质-保存环境模型，完善矿床预测的综合示踪标志，最终预测不同矿区、不同地段隐伏矿床可能的产出深度，给出矿床可能已经被剥蚀殆尽的区段或地段，为深部找矿和区域成矿潜力评价提供依据。本文可为地质工作者的相关应用提供借鉴和手段。Abstract: Conservation and changes of mineral deposits are an important part of the ore deposit geology and, however, a few attention have been paid on them. The conservation is closely related to uplifting and denudation so that to recover histories of uplifting and denudation for ore districts could reveal conservation and changes of mineral deposits. This paper will discuss technical method of studying the conservation and changes of mineral deposits. Synthetically using fission track, (U-Th)/He, 40Ar-39Ar, La-ICP-MS and zircon U-Pb thermochronology, we can study metallogenetic epochs, tectonic activities and their relevance, and quantitatively calculating cooling rate, uplifting rate, uplifting extend, denudation rate and denudation extend at different time in different parts of different ore districts. The relationship between conservation and denudation of ore deposits, and model establishion of ore deposit and conservation setting are probed. Then, to summarize the synthetic criteria for ore prospecting, to obtain the deep at which the buried ore occurred in different ore districts, to predict the district where ore deposit were fully denudated, and provide evidences for both deep ore prospecting and mineralizing potentiality evaluation. Geologists might take this article as a reference tool.
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